Matt 18:21-35 (The Parable of the Unforgiving Servant)
One of the most beautiful words in the Gospel today we have heard that is “forgive.” The word is a common one but the essence of the word is the expression love of God. To for GIVE means to give someone a release from the wrong that he has done to you. It means to give up any right of retaliation.
There are five kinds of forgiveness in the Bible. First
is Judicial Forgiveness. This is the eternal forgiveness of all sins of the one
who has trusted Christ, (Acts 26:18; Eph. 1:7). Second is Paternal Forgiveness.
This is restoration of fellowship with God after we committed sin. The
conditions are twofold: a) Confession (1John 1:9; John 13:4-10); (b)
Forgiveness of others. Third is Personal Forgiveness. This is the restoration
of our fellowship with others. This is so important because Jesus teaches us
that we are forgiven if we are willing to forgive others, (Matt. 6:14-15).
Fourth is Social forgiveness. This is restoration of our fellowship with
society, (John 8:1-10). This may be a personal attitude or getting ourselves
involved in programs and ministries of our parish. Fifth is Ecclesiastical
Forgiveness. This is restoration of fellowship with the church (2Cor. 2:5-11).
This forgiveness assumes a prior discipline by the church. The purpose of
discipline is restoration; and forgiveness assumes repentance and restoration.
And for the Jews forgiving others is not only a duty to
fulfil but also a part of their religious life as well. Like for example in the
book of Sirach, it says: “Forgive your neighbor’s injustice; then when you
pray, your own sins will be forgiven,” (28:2). But there are limitations or
they numbered their forgiveness that they ought to give to other people. An
example of this is in the book of Job: “Forgive man twice, three times,”
(33:29). Most of the Jewish leaders during that time proposed that it was more
than enough to forgive four times.
That is
why in today’s gospel, St. Peter, thinking that he exceeds the teaching of the
rabbis, makes a proposal of forgiving others seven times, a perfect number for
the Jews; it means completeness as in seven days for the creation of the world.
He thinks that he is generous enough and deserves appreciation from Jesus. But
Jesus answers him: “Not seven times but seventy seven times.” In other words,
Jesus is asking His disciples to forgive others without limitation and at all
times. Forgiveness is a matter of love and not of how many times.
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